Cannabinoid Extraction 101: Understanding The Basics Of Hemp & Cannabis Extraction

What Are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that interact with the human body’s endocannabinoid system and produce a range of therapeutic benefits. There are over 100 cannabinoids, with the most well-known cannabinoid being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is responsible for the “high” associated with recreational cannabis use. Other common cannabinoids include cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG).

Methods Of Cannabinoid Extraction

There are several methods of cannabinoid extraction, including:

Solvent Extraction

Solvent extraction is a common cannabinoid extraction method. This method involves using a solvent, such as ethanol or ethanol, to dissolve the cannabinoids from the plant matter. The solution is then separated from the plant material and the solvent is evaporated, which starts the conversion of acidic cannabinoids to their neutral counterparts. For example, CBDA converts to CBD and CBGA to CBG. Solvent extraction is a relatively simple and efficient method, but it can be dangerous if the solvent is not properly handled. Here are three of the most common solvents used for extraction:

Butane Extraction

Butane extraction is a popular method for producing cannabinoid concentrates, such as wax. The process involves passing butane through the plant material, which dissolves the cannabinoids and other desirable compounds. The butane is then evaporated, leaving behind a concentrated product.

Ethanol Extraction

Ethanol extraction is a versatile method that can be used to produce both concentrates and more medicinal-grade products. This method involves using ethanol as a solvent to dissolve the cannabinoids and other desirable compounds. The resulting solution is then remediated to rid the product of any residual solvents, leaving behind a concentrated product.

Propane Extraction

Propane extraction is similar to butane extraction, but it is less commonly used due to the higher risk of fire and explosion. Propane is a highly flammable gas, and proper safety precautions must be taken when performing this method of extraction.

Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Supercritical CO2 extraction is another method for extracting cannabinoids from the plant. This method uses pressurized carbon dioxide to dissolve the cannabinoids from the plant material. The pressure and temperature are carefully controlled to ensure that the CO2 remains in a supercritical state, allowing it to efficiently extract the cannabinoids. This method is considered to be safer and more environmentally friendly than solvent extraction, but it is also more complex and expensive.

Mechanical Separation

Mechanical separation involves separating the trichomes (the glandular structures that contain the cannabinoids) from the rest of the plant material. This can be done using a variety of methods, including sieving, grinding, and mechanical agitation. Mechanical separation is a simple and efficient method, but it may not be as effective as other methods, as some of the trichomes may be lost or damaged during the separation process.

Water-Based Extraction

Water-based extraction is a process that utilizes water as the solvent to extract cannabinoids from the plant material. This method of extraction is similar to other solvent-based methods; however, it stands out as it offers certain advantages over other methods. Firstly, it is considered a safer and more environmentally friendly option, as there are no harmful solvents needed. This also eliminates the need for costly remediation. These factors make water-based extraction an attractive option for those who are concerned with the impact that their methods of extraction may have on the environment and the health of those using the extract.

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that can be extracted from the hemp and cannabis plant for various purposes. There are several ways to extract cannabinoids, including solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, mechanical separation, and water-based extraction. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. When manufacturing a cannabinoid product, it is best to always choose a reputable brand whose extraction methods meet your needs.